Macam-Macam Software untuk Mengakses Internet

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Macam-Macam Software untuk Mengakses Internet - Internet sudah menjadi makanan sehari-hari, dari mulai anak-anak hingga orang lanjut usia telah memanfaatkan jasa akses global ini. Untuk dapat mengakses internet diperlukan software.

Berikut ini Macam-Macam Software untuk Mengakses Internet:

Perangkat lunak (software) untuk mengakses internet dibagi menjadi dua bagian besar, yaitu:

Software sistem operasi
Software aplikasi

Sistem Operasi (Operating System)

Sistem operasi merupakan software yang pertama kali yang diterapkan (diinstal) oleh operator (brainware) ke dalam perangkat keras (hardware) komputer. Sistem operasi ini berfungsi sebagai jembatan untuk software-software yang lain yang bukan sistem operasi. Oleh sebab itu sistem operasi adalah software atau perangkat lunak yang menjadi dasar operasi sebuah sistem komputer. Sistem operasi merupakan bagian yang paling penting sebelum melakukan koneksi internet, karena tanpa sistem operasi komputer tidak ada artinya sama sekali. Diantara Sistem Operasi (OS) yang dapat digunakan untuk akses internet adalah:

Macam-Macam Software untuk Mengakses Internet

Microsoft Windows versi (95, 97, 98, 2000, ME, Vista, Seven, Eight, Ten).
Linux versi (OpenSuSE, Mandriva, IGOS).
Macintosh (Mac OS 8, Mac OS 9, Mac OS X).
Android (Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gringerbread, Honeycomb, Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, KitKat).

Software Aplikasi

Software aplikasi adalah program aplikasi yang memiliki aktivitas pemrosesan perintah yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan permintaan pengguna dengan tujuan tertentu. Dalam hal ini untuk mengakses internet software yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Aplikasi Web Browser

Web Browser adalah software yang berfungsi untuk menampilkan dan berinteraksi dengan dokumen-dokumen yang disediakan oleh server web.

Web adalah kumpulan jaringan berisi dokumen teks dan multi media yang tersambung satu dengan yg lainya atau yang dikenal dengan World Wide Web (WWW).

Software Web Browser antara lain:

Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Opera
Safari
Google Crome

a. Mozilla Firefox

Firefox adalah salah satu web browser open source yang dibangun dengan Gecko layout engine oleh Mozilla corporation. Tak hanya handal firefox juga didukung oleh sejumlah Add-ons yang dapat diinstall terpisah yang memungkinkan pengguna melakukan sesuai dengan kegunaan Add-ons tersebut. Firefox merupakan salah satu Browser yang terpopuler saat ini Selain IE. Bahkan menurut “Net Application” yang melakukan survey tentang penggunaan browser menempatkan Firefox di 24,61% dari penggunan web browser yang tercatat per Desember 2009. Rilis stabil saat ini adalah versi 3.5.7, yang dirilis pada Januari 05, 2010.

b. Internet Explorer (ie)

Internet Explorer pertama kali dirilis sebagai bagian dari add-on paket Plus! for Windows 95 in 1995. untuk Windows 95 pada tahun 1995 yang dikembangkan oleh Microsof. Rilis terbaru adalah Internet Explorer 8. menurut “Net Application” yang melakukan survey tentang penggunaan browser menempatkan Internet Explorer sebagai urutan pertama penggunaan browser yaitu 63,69% yang tercatat per Desember 2009.

c. Safari

Safari adalah browser web yang dikembangkan oleh Apple. Pertama kali dirilis sebagai beta pada 7 Januari 2003. Bulan Desember 2009, Safari memiliki 4,46% pangsa pasar menurut Net Applications. Saat ini rilis terakhir untuk safari adalah safari 4 untuk mac dan PC.

d. Opera

Opera adalah Browser Web dan Internet Suite yang dikembangkan oleh Opera Software Company. Jika firefox punya Add-ons, Opera punya “Opera Widgets”, sebuah aplikasi web kecil yang dijalankan bersamaan dengan Opera yang mempunyai kegunaan tertentu, layaknya Add-ons firefox.
Opera versi terbaru memperkenalkan platform teknologi baru yaitu Opera Unite, memungkinkan Anda untuk melakukan streaming musik atau berbagi file, foto, dan banyak lagi hal lainnya langsung dari browser. Saat ini rilis terakhir adalah 10.10 untuk windows.

e. Google Crome

Google Chrome adalah sebuah browser web yang dikembangkan oleh Google yang menggunakan WebKit layout engine and application framework. Pertama kali dirilis sebagai versi beta untuk Microsoft Windows pada 2 September 2008, dan publik adalah rilis stabil pada 11 Desember 2008
Search Engine:

Yahoo search
Google
MSN
Altavista
Bing

2. Aplikasi Opsional (Add On)

Selain perangkat lunak berupa sistem operasi dan aplikasi web browser, ada pula perangkat lunak yang opsional. Aplikasi opsional berupa pilihan atau tambahan yang diterapkan kedalam aplikasi utamanya tersebut. Jadi karena merupakan aplikasi pilihan atau tambahan maka tanpa aplikasi opsional pengguna masih dapat mengakses internet. Aplikasi-aplikasi opsional tersebut antara lain adalah sebagai berikut:

a. Aplikasi Email

Email (Electronic mail) merupakan fasilitas yang digunakan untuk mengirim dan menerima surat melalui internet. Ada tiga jenis email yang dapat digunakan oleh pengguna, yaitu:

Web Based Mail adalah merupakan jenis email yang berbasis web. Penulisan dan pengolahan surat-menyurat dilakukan melalui web mail. Penggunaan jenis email ini harus terhubung dengan internet.
Pop Mail adalah merupakan email yang berbasis client. Artinya kita dapat menulis dan mengolah surat tanpa harus terhubung ke internet. Koneksi internet yang dibutuhkan hanya pada saat proses pengiriman dan penerimaan email. Untuk menggunakan Pop Mail diperlukan software khusus, misalnya Outlook Express, Eudora, Kmail, Evolution, dan masih banyak lagi.
Email Forwarding adalah merupakan layanan email yang digunakan untuk meneruskan email ke alamat email yang lain. Email forwarding sangat cocok digunakan bagi pengguna yang sering berganti-ganti alamat email atau pengguna yang mempunyai alamat email lebih dari satu. Dengan email forwarding kita dapat menyembunyikan alamat email yang asli, sedangkan yang akan ditampilkan adalahalamat email forwarding tersebut.

b. Aplikasi Chatting

Aplikasi chatting disebut juga dengan IRC (Internet Relay Chatt), yang merupakan layanan percakapan online pada internet yang biasa digunakan dengan pengguna lain. IRC merupakan sistem yang memungkinkan pengguna internet diseluruh dunia dapat saling berkomunikasi secara langsung dengan cara mengetikkan pesan menggunakan keyboard komputer. IRC menyediakan banyak channel atau chatt room (ruang untuk bercakap-cakap).

Tidak ada batasan berapa pengguna yang boleh masuk kesuatu channel atau chatt room. Setiap pengguna bebas untuk memasukiatau keluar dari channel atau chatt room tersebut. Tetapi dengan demikian pengguna tidak seenaknya saja melakukan percakapan, melainkan ada etika yang digunakan ketika melakukan chatting. Jika pengguna tidak menggunakan etika maka hal sering terjadi yaitu tidak bisa bergabung kembali di channel atau chatt room tersebut.

Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak dapat bergabung pada channel IRC tertentu adalah sebagai berikut:

* Channel yang di banned

Biasanya disebabkan telah melanggar peraturan suatu channel (misalnya menggunakan kata-kata yang tidak sopan). Lamanya banned ini ditentukan oleh admin operator bisa sampai beberapa jam, hari, minggu bahkan bulan.

* Pengguna kena kick atau kill dari admin atau operator

Kick atau kill hampir sama dengan banned tetapi yang tidak diijinkan masuk hanya salah seorang pengguna saja bukan satu channel.

* Koneksi ditolak

Hal ini biasanya disebabkan terdapat masalah teknis pada server yang digunakan. Jika terjadi permasalahan ini maka pengguna dapat berpindah ke server IRC yang lain.

Beberapa software aplikasi untuk menjalankan fasilitas IRC yaitu:

Yahoo Messenger
mIRC
iChat
Pidgin
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter

c. Aplikasi Telephone Video Calling

Telephone Video Calling adalah telepon dengan layar video dan mampu menangkap video (gambar) sekaligus suara yang ditransmisikan. Fungsi telepon video sebagai alat komunikasi antara satu orang dengan orang yang lainnya secara waktu nyata (real-time).

Saat ini telepon video sangat berguna bagi orang tuli dan bisu, karena melalui telepon video, komunikasi bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahasa isyarat melalui layanan video tersebut. Begitu juga untuk orang-orang yang berada di tempat lain yang jauh dan ingin berkomunikasi dengan orang yang berada di tempat lain yang jauh pula. Telepon video dapat digunakan sebagai alat yang dapat menyalurkan gambar serta suara dalam bentuk video sehingga terlihat seperti nyata.

Beberapa software aplikasi untuk menjalankan telepon video Calling yaitu:

Yahoo Messenger
Skype
Facebook Video Calling
Netmeeting
Gnomemeeting

d. Aplikasi Pengelola Download

Aplikasi Pengelola Download berguna untuk mempercepat download. Sedangkan aplikasi tersebut diantaranya adalah:

Internet Download Manager (IDM)

IDM merupakan salah satu download manager dengan banyak fitur yang ampuh, di antaranya yaitu:

IDM Mendukung banyak versi dari web browser populer seperti IE, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari, dan masih banyak lagi. Sehingga dengan demikian dapat diintergrasikan secara otomatis ketika mendownload dengan web browser tersebut.
IDM mendukung protokol HTTP, FTP, HTTPS dan MMS.
IDM dapat digunakan untuk mendownload video streaming yang disediakan oleh web site tersebut.
Ada fitur pengorganisasian file hasil download tersebut sehingga file ditempatkan sesuai dengan jenis folder, misalkan file .MP3 ditempatkan pada folder Music.

Download Accelerator Plus (DAP)

DAP disebut sebagai rajanya download manager dengan jumlah pengguna saat ini lebih dari 160 juta orang yang terdaftar sebagai penggunanya dari seluruh penjuru dunia. DAP merupakan download manager yang canggih dan kaya dengan fitur seperti:

multi-connection untuk mempercepat download dari server secara bersamaan.
penyelamat data dari kemungkinan error dan koneksi yang terputus.
fitur resime untuk melanjutkan kembali download yang terputus meskipun server download tidak menyediakannya.
penjadwalan.
pengelolaan file.
fitur untuk melindungi prifasi dan keamanan.

FlashGet

Flashget dapat memecah proses download menjadi beberapa bagian, mendowload banyak file secara simultan (berlaku pd waktu yg bersamaan atau serentak), bahkan diklaim dapat mempercepat waktu download dari 100% hingga 500%. Penggunaan aplikasi yang begitu mudah membuat download manager ini cepat populer.

3. Sofware Utility

Software Utility merupakan perangkat lunak untuk perlindungan komputer serta plug in pada komputer. Software Utility diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:

Anti Virus, seperti AVG, Avira, Mc Afee, Norton Anti Virus,Kaspersky, Bit Defender
Anti Maleware, seperti Comodo Internet Security, Panda Internet Security, Norman, Bit Defender Internet security, Avira Internet Security, Avast Internet Security.
Software Office, seperti Ms. Office, Star Office, Open Office Sumber

Macam-Macam Software untuk Mengakses Internet

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